Neoplasias neuroendocrinas del intestino: serie de casos / Intestinal neuroendocrine tumors: case series

RESUMEN: Los tumores neuroendocrinos (TNE) intestinales representan el mayor porcentaje de este tipo de lesiones a nivel del aparato digestivo. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación de la lesión primaria y sus linfonodos regionales. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar el resultado de pacientes portadores de TNE intestinales, tratados quirúrgicamente, en términos de morbilidad postoperatoria (MPO) y mortalidad. Serie de casos de pacientes con TNE intestinales intervenidos de forma consecutiva en Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco, entre 2006 y 2020. Las variables resultado fueron MPO y mortalidad. Otras variables de interés fueron localización y diámetro del tumor, tipo de cirugía y estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Se trató a 11 pacientes (54,5 % mujeres), con una mediana de edad de 56 años. El 54,5 % de los tumores se localizó en yeyuno-íleon. La mediana del diámetro tumoral, tiempo quirúrgico y estancia hospitalaria fueron 2 cm, 75 min y 4 días, respectivamente. El tipo de resección más frecuente fue hemicolectomía derecha (63,6 %). La MPO fue 9,1 % (seroma en un paciente). No hubo reintervenciones ni mortalidad operatoria. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 18 meses, no se verificaron recurrencias. Los resultados reportados en relación a MPO y mortalidad, son adecuados en relación con la evidencia publicada.

SUMMARY: Intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (INETs) represent the highest percentage of this type of lesion in the digestive system. The treatment of choice is removal of the primary lesion and its regional lymph nodes. The aim of this study is to report the results of patients with INETs treated surgically, in terms of postoperative morbidity (POM) and mortality. Series of cases of patients with intestinal INETs operated consecutively at Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco, between 2006 and 2020. Result variables were POM and mortality. Other variables of interest were location and diameter of the tumor, type of surgery, and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics were used. Eleven patients (54.5 %) were treated, with a median age of 56 years. 54.5 % of the tumors were located in the jejunum-ileum. The median tumor diameter, surgical time, and hospital stay were 2 cm, 75 min, and 4 days, respectively. The most frequent type of resection was right hemicolectomy (63.6 %). The MPO was 9.1 % (seroma in one patient). There were no reoperations or operative mortality. With a median follow-up of 18 months, there were no recurrences. Reported results in relation to POM and mortality are adequate in relation to the published evidence.

Neuroendocrine tumor in a child with common variable immunodeficiency / Tumor neuroendócrino em criança com imunodeficiência comum variável

ABSTRACT Objective: To report a case of a child with primary immunodeficiency who at eight years developed digestive symptoms, culminating with the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor at ten years of age. Case description: One-year-old boy began to present recurrent pneumonias in different pulmonary lobes. At four years of age, an immunological investigation showed a decrease in IgG and IgA serum levels. After the exclusion of other causes of hypogammaglobinemia, he was diagnosed with a Common Variable Immunodeficiency and started to receive monthly replacement of human immunoglobulin. The patient evolved well, but at 8 years of age began with epigastrium pain and, at 10 years, chronic persistent diarrhea and weight loss. After investigation, a neuroendocrine tumor was diagnosed, which had a rapid progressive evolution to death. Comments: Medical literature has highlighted the presence of gastric tumors in adults with Common Variable Immunodeficiency, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and the investigation of digestive neoplasms. Up to now there is no description of neuroendocrine tumor in pediatric patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency. We believe that the hypothesis of digestive neoplasm is important in children with Common Variable Immunodeficiency and with clinical manifestations similar to the case described here in the attempt to improve the prognosis for pediatric patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de criança portadora de imunodeficiência primária que, aos oito anos, desenvolveu sintomas digestivos, culminando com o diagnóstico de tumor neuroendócrino aos dez anos de idade. Descrição do caso: Menino, com um ano de idade, começou a apresentar pneumonias de repetição em diferentes lobos pulmonares. Aos quatro anos, a investigação imunológica mostrou diminuição dos níveis séricos de IgG e IgA. Após exclusão de outras causas de hipogamaglobulinemia, teve diagnóstico de imunodeficiência comum variável, passando a receber reposição mensal de imunoglobulina humana. Evoluiu bem, porém, aos oito anos, começou com epigastralgia e, aos dez anos, diarreia crônica persistente e perda de peso. O quadro culminou com o diagnóstico de tumor neuroendócrino intestinal, de rápida progressão, com óbito do paciente. Comentários: A literatura tem chamado a atenção para tumores gástricos em adultos com imunodeficiência comum variável, alertando para a importância do diagnóstico precoce e da pesquisa de neoplasias digestivas. Até o momento, não há descrição de tumor neuroendócrino em pacientes pediátricos portadores de imunodeficiência comum variável. Acredita-se ser importante a hipótese de neoplasia digestiva diante de crianças com imunodeficiência comum variável e com manifestações clínicas semelhantes ao caso descrito, na tentativa de melhorar o prognóstico para pacientes pediátricos.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: surgical resection / Tumores neuroendócrinos ressecáveis do pâncreas: abordagem cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET) correspond to about 3% of all tumors in pancreas and could be presented as a difficult diagnosis and management. Objective: To review the diagnosis and treatment of the pNET available in scientific literature. Method: A bibliographic survey was performed by means of an online survey of MeSH terms in the Pubmed database. A total of 104 articles were published in the last 15 years, of which 23 were selected as the basis for the writing of this article. Results: pNET is an infrequent neoplasia and their incidence, in USA, is about 1:100.000 inhabitants/year. Thereabout 30% of them produce hormones presenting as a symptomatic disease and others 70% of the cases could be silent disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and/or Computed Tomography (CT) have similar sensitivy to detect pNET. They are very important when associated to nuclear medicine mainly Positron Emission Tomography (PET-CT) Gallium-68 to find primary tumor and its staging. The appropriate treatment should be chosen based on characteristics of the tumor, its staging and associated comorbidities. Conclusion: The surgical resection is still the best treatment for patients with ressectable pancreatic NETs. However, the size, grade, tumor functionality, stage and association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) are important to define who will be eligible for surgical treatment. In general, tumors bigger than 2 cm are eligible for surgical treatment, except insulinomas whose surgical resection is recommended no matter the size.

RESUMO Introdução: Os tumores neuroendócrinos pancreáticos (TNE-P) correspondem a cerca de 3% de todas as neoplasias no pâncreas e são de diagnóstico e manejo difíceis. Objetivo: Revisar o diagnóstico e tratamento desses tumores disponíveis na literatura científica atual. Método: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico por meio de pesquisa online de MeSH terms na base de dados do Pubmed. Ao todo foram analisados 104 artigos publicados nos últimos 15 anos, dos quais 23 foram selecionados como base para a redação deste artigo. Resultados: TNE-P é neoplasia pouco frequente com incidência estimada em 1: 100.000 habitantes/ano. Cerca de 30% produzem hormônios, ditos funcionantes, que se apresentam como doença sintomática e outros 70% podem se apresentar como doença silenciosa. Como recurso diagnóstico o uso de tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância nuclear magnética apresentam níveis de sensibilidade parecidas. Sua associação à recursos da medicina nuclear são de grande valia para localização de tumores primários e estadiamento, destacando-se o uso da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET-CT) com Gálio-68. A decisão terapêutica deve ser baseada nas características tumorais, estadiamento e comorbidades associadas. Conclusão: A abordagem cirúrgica permanece como a terapia de escolha para pacientes com TNE-P ressecáveis. No entanto, a seleção de pacientes para tratamento cirúrgico deve seguir critérios baseados em funcionalidade do tumor, grau, estágio e associação com neoplasia múltipla tipo 1. De forma geral, tumores maiores de 2 cm têm indicação cirúrgica, excetuando-se os insulinomas, cuja proposta cirúrgica independe de seu tamanho.

Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

Adenocarcinoma del intestino delgado asociado al síndrome de Lynch / Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine associated with Lynch syndrome

El síndrome de Lynch (SL) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante causada por una mutación en los genes de reparación del ADN que predispone al cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y a otros tumores extracolónicos. Entre estos predominan los del endometrio, estómago, tracto urinario alto y ovario. La incidencia de los tumores de intestino delgado (TID) si bien es baja (0,4-2,9%), supera en más de 25 veces a la de la población general. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un caso de carcinoma del duodeno en un paciente masculino de 47 años con criterios de Amsterdam II, y discutir las características de los TID en el SL.

Lynch Syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the mismatch repair genes that predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC) and other extracolonic tumors. Among these, endometrial, gastric, ovarian, and urinary tract tumors are the commonest. The incidence of small bowel tumors (SBT), although low (0.4-2.9%), exceeds in more than 25 times that of the general population. The purpose of this paper is to communicate a case of carcinoma of the duodenum in a 47 years old male with Amsterdam II criteria, and discuss the characteristics of SBT in LS.

Fístula enteroatmosférica y uso del VAC: a propósito de un caso / Enteroatmospheric fistula and vaccum assited closure: report of a case

Las fístulas gastrointestinales asociadas con abdomen abierto posterior a cirugía abdominal mayor son una complicación grave. El manejo es extremadamente difícil y la mortalidad bastante alta a pesar de los modernos avances médicos. Aquellos pacientes que sobreviven al daño metabólico y fisiopatológico inicial, requieren en su mayoría cierre quirúrgico de la fístula lo cual es técnicamente complejo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con una neoplasia de rectosigma que se abordó por laparoscopia y desarrolló una fístula enteroatmosférica sobre la incisión de Pfannestiel que se utilizó para la extracción de la pieza. Conclusión: El cierre asistido por vacío artesanal y el manejo nutricional adecuado permiten la mejoría en pacientes con fístulas complejas logrando las condiciones adecuadas para el cierre definitivo.

The gastrointestinal fistula associated to posterior open abdominal trauma or abdominal surgery implies severe complications. The handling of these cases is extremely hard and mortality is very high despite medical advances. Those patients who survive the initial metabolic and phisycopathological damages require, on most cases, a surgical closure of the fistula which is a very complex procedure technically. We describe the case of a patient with a rectosigmoid neoplasm that was addressed laparoscopically and enteroatmospheric fistula just developing on phannestiel incision was used to extract the neoplasm. Conclusion: The closure assisted by “hand made vacuum” and adequate nourishment allows recovering patients with complex fistulas to achieve adequate conditions for definitive closure.

Malformación linfangiomatosa intestinal con tejido pancreático ectópico: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Intestinal lymphangiomatosis with ectopic pancreatic tissue: a case report and literature review

Intestinal lymphangiomatosis is a rare malformation typically affecting children. Its etiology is unknown, although several hypotheses have been proposed. We present a case of intestinal lymphangiomatosis with ectopic pancreatic tissue of the mesentery, an association not previously described in literature. We emphasize the fact that this entity has sometimes been associated with other intra-abdominal malformations, even conditions undescribed in scientific literature. It must be considered the first differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with radiological evidence of mesenteric cystic lesions, subsequently confirmed by pathological examination.

La malformación linfangiomatosa intestinal es una entidad poco frecuente, típica de la edad pediátrica, cuya etiopatogenia es desconocida, aunque se barajan varias hipótesis. Presentamos un caso de linfangiomatosis intestinal con tejido pancreático ectópico mesentérico, una asociación no descrita anteriormente en la literatura. Destacamos la importancia de conocer que esta entidad, en ocasiones, se asocia a otro tipo de malformaciones intrabdominales, incluso no descritas previamente en la literatura. Se debe plantear como el primer diagnóstico diferencial durante la edad pediátrica, ante el hallazgo radiológico de lesiones quísticas mesentéricas, confirmando posteriormente mediante un estudio anatomopatológico de las lesiones.

Tumor del estroma gastrointestinal del intestino delgado / Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of small intestine

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal fueron catalogados originalmente como otros tumores (leiomioma, leiomioblastoma o leiomiosarcoma), debido a su apariencia histológica similar; sin embargo, los avances en la biología molecular y la inmunohistoquímica, han permitido diferenciarlos de otras neoplasias digestivas, y definirlos como una entidad clínica e histopatológica propia. Se presenta un paciente, de sexo femenino, de la raza negra, de 79 años de edad, con dolor abdominal de 3 días de evolución, que se había iniciado en fosa ilíaca derecha y luego se mantuvo en bajo vientre, acompañado de vómitos, fatiga y decaimiento. Se decide intervenir quirúrgicamente y se lleva al salón de operaciones con el diagnóstico de una apendicitis aguda, del muñón, tipo oclusiva en el anciano, sin descartar una oclusión por bridas. Al realizar laparotomía se encuentra sangre libre en cavidad que no coagula, y se observó tumor hemorrágico, pediculado, muy móvil, hacia íleon terminal. Se realiza exéresis de este, se resecan aproximadamente 5 cm de intestino delgado y se realiza sutura termino-terminal posteriormente. Se realizó amplia toillette de la cavidad peritoneal y el cierre habitual, con evolución satisfactoria, y con alta a los 7 días. Se mantiene asintomática al año y medio de operada, y la biopsia arrojó tumor de intestino delgado, de bajo grado de malignidad, de 5 cm de diámetro(AU)

The tumors of the gastrointestinal stroma were originally classified as other type of tumors (leiomyoma, leiomyobastoma or leiomyosarcoma) due to it similar histological appearance; however, the advances in the molecular biology and the immunohistochemistry have allowed its differentiation of other digestive neoplasms and to define them as an own clinical and histopathological entity. This is the case of a black female patient aged 79 presenting with abdominal pain during 3 days of evolution started in the right iliac fossa and then it remains in the low belly accompanied by vomiting, fatigue and weakness. She was operated on and is diagnosed with a stump acute appendicitis and of occlusive type en elderly without to rule out an adhesion occlusion. Carrying out the laparotomy it was found that this not-coagulating cavity was blood-free and also a stalked hemorrhagic tumor with movements towards the terminal ileum. Authors carried out its exeresis resecting approximately 5 cm of small intestine with a termino-terminal suture later. A significant cleaning of peritoneal cavity was carried out with the habitual closure achieving a satisfactory evolution with her discharge at 7 days. Patient remains asymptomatic at one a half year postoperative and biopsy yielded a 5 cm-small intestine tumor with a low grade of malignancy(AU)

Anal canal carcinoma treatment the experience of a single institution

Prior to the mid-1980s, the treatment of choice for anal cancer was abdominoperineal resection. Currently, combined chemoradiation is the standard of care. Or objective was to analyze results of treatment for anal canal carcinoma treated with combined chemoradiation. Retrospective review of data in local cancer registry at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre [KFSHRC] from a 12-year period [1993 to 2005]. We identified patients with confirmed diagnosis of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma. Of 40 patients identified, 33 were considered eligible for our analysis. All patients were treated by concurrent chemoradiation with mandatory treatment break [MTB]. There were 10 [30%] local recurrences. Five-year progression-free survival [PFS] was 50.9%; overall survival [OS] at 5 years was 73.4%. Patients with stage II disease had a median PFS period of 10 years, with no relapses until their last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS between patients with stage IIIA disease and those with stage IIIB disease-44.7% and 45%, respectively [P=.8]. Five-year PFS according to 'T' stages was as follows: T1, 66%; T2, 71%; T3, 59%; T4, 30% [P>.05]. The 5-year colostomy-free survival [CFS] for all patients was 74%. Distant metastases were observed in 4 patients. Combined chemoradiation in treatment of anal cancer is effective in terms of local control and sphincter preservation. Five-year estimates of PFS, OS, as well as CFS, in patients treated with a MTB were surprisingly comparable to those determined in most non-MTB series. However, we reported a higher local failure rate, for which we are reevaluating our treatment protocol

ß-1-3 Glucan no tratamento do câncer de intestino / ß-1-3 Glucan in bowel cancer treatment

Objetivo: Avaliar a ação do ß-1-3 glucan na resposta imunológica de pacientes portadores de cáncer de intestino submetidos à cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de 75 pacientes, analisando as variações dos valores dos leucócitos, linfócitos e subpopulações CD4 e CD8 com o uso de ß-1-3 glucan. Resultados: Houve um aumento no número de todas as linhagens celulares estudadas, principalmente a da subpopulação de linfócitos CD4 (29,70%). A análise estatística pelo teste "t" de Student e pelo de Wilcoxon mostrou que os resultados foram significativos. Conclusão: O uso do ß-1-3 glucan foi capaz de restaurar e manter a resposta imune, reduzir os danos imunossupressores da quimioterapia e radioterapia e o seu uso não demonstrou efeitos colaterais.

Objective: To review the effectiveness of ß-1-3 glucan in the immune response of patients with intestinal cancer submitted to surgery, chemo and radiotherapy. Methods: Retrospective study on 75 patients, analyzing the variations on the leucocytes, lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations using ß-1-3 glucan. Results: There was an increase in the general cellular sample, especially on CD4 lymphocyte subpopulations. Statistica analyses via Student's t-test and the Wilcoxon test have showed that the resultshave been significant. Conclusion: The use of ß-1-3 glucan was able to restore and keep the immune response in check, and to reduce the immunosupressor damages from chemo and radiotherapy. There were no side effects.

Resección laparoscópica mano asistida: de tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de Yeyuno / Laparoscopic hand resection assisted: gastrointestinal stromal tumor of ileum

Los tumores del intestino delgado son relativamente raros con una incidencia de 5 por ciento. Entre estos se encuentran los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal que son un grupo de neoplasias de origen mesenquimal y constituyen el 0,1 por ciento al 3 por ciento de los tumores del tracto digestivo. La presentación clínica es inespecífica, generalmente los pacientes consultan por hemorragia digestiva superior, dolor o tumor palpable. La determinación de marcadores es fundamental para la confirmación patológica y se sustenta con los estudios inmunohistoquímicos basados en la expresión de CD117 (receptor c-kit), CD34, desmina y proteína S100, para diferenciarlos de otros tumores mesenquimales, neurales y neuroendocrinos. El comportamiento clínico de este tipo de tumores es difícil de predecir. La resección quirúrgica con márgenes libres de lesión es el tratamiento de elección para las lesiones localizadas.

Tumors of the small bowel are relative rare with an incidence of 5 %. These kinds lesions we find in the stroma gastrointestinal tumors, there are a group of neoplasm mesenquimal original. They are constitutive 0,1 % to 3 % of the digestive tract tumors. The clinical presentation is no specific generally the patients consult for superior digestive bleeding, pain or palpable mass. The market determination is important to the pathological confirmation and are sustention with immunohistochemestry studies based in the expression of CD117 (c-kit receptor), CD34, desmine and S100 protein, to be differential of another tumors how mesenchyme, neural, and neuroendocrines. The biological clinical courses of these kinds of tumors are difficult to predict. The surgical resection with free lesion margins is the treatment of choice for the localized lesions.

A experiência da pessoa estomizada com câncer: uma análise segundo o Modelo de Trajetória da Doença Crônica proposto por Morse e Johnson / La experiencia de un paciente con ostomía y cáncer: un análisis de acordo con el Modelo de la Trayectoria de la Enfermedad Crónica según Morse y Johnson / Osthomized person's experience with cancer: an analysis based on the Chronic Disease Model according to Morse and Johnson

O estudo objetivou compreender o significado da experiência de doença para a pessoa estomizada com câncer e as transformações sobre sua identidade. De abordagem qualitativa guiado pelo referencial metodológico da história oral de vida, acompanhou os depoentes durante um ano, a contar do momento da internação hospitalar. Durante esse período, realizou-se uma série de cinco entrevistas com cada um dos participantes. A descrição e análise da trajetória percorrida foram embasadas no Modelo de Constelação da Doença proposto por Morse e Johnson. A discussão mostrou que, após o profundo impacto ocasionado pela doença e o estoma permanente, as pessoas iniciam um processo de ressignificação de suas identidades, que inclui um reposicionamento de cada uma delas perante a vida.

The study aimed at understanding the meaning of the disease experience for the ostomized people with cancer and the changes on their identity. With a qualitative approach based on the methodological referential of the oral history of life, we have accompanied the subjects during one year, from the moment of hospitalization. During that period, a series of five interviews were performed with each subject. The description and analysis of the evolution were based on the Model of Constellation of the Disease proposed by Morse and Johnson. The analysis showed that, after the deep impact caused by the disease and the permanent ostomy, the subjects begin a new process of realizing their identities, which includes a rediscovery of their place in life.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo, comprender el significado de la experiencia de la enfermedad, en un paciente con cáncer al cual le fue realizada una ostomía permanente y las transformaciones en su identidad. De abordaje cualitativo guiado por el referencial metodológico de la historia oral de vida, acompañando a los deponentes durante un año, contado éste a partir de su internación en hospital. Durante dicho período, se realizó una serie de 5 (cinco) entrevistas con cada uno de los participantes. La descripción y análisis de la trayectoria recorrida fueron fundamentadas en el Modelo de Constelación de la Enfermedad propuesto por Morse y Johnson. La discusión mostró que, después de un profundo impacto ocasionado por la enfermedad y el estoma permanente, los pacientes inician un proceso de otorgar una nueva significación a sus identidades, que incluye un proceso de reposición de cada uno de ellos frente a la vida.

Analysis of small bowel tumors

Small bowel tumors are remarkably rare. The colon is affected 40 times than the small bowel. Even though the small intestine accounts for 80% of the length and 90% of the mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract, only 3-6% of the gastrointestinal malignancies arise from the small bowel. The aim of the study is to enlighten the subject in our community including: therapeutic intervention, the histopathologic types, the risk factors and outcome. Between January 1997 and January 2002, 40 patients with primary small bowel tumors were followed in Baghdad Hospital, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital, Al-Mansour Hospital for Pediatrics at Medical City Teaching Centre and the Al-Zahraa Private Hospital, for presentations, preoperative investigations, operative procedures and outcome. Chi-square test or where appropriate Fishers exact test was used to assess for the statistical significance of the site of the tumor and outcome. The relative risk [RR] and odds ratio [OR] where possible, were used to measure the magnitude of developing a certain outcome [like death] in the presence of risk factor compared to its absence. P value less than the 0.05 level of significance is considered statistically significant. The 95% confidence interval was used to express the expected range of incidence rate of certain outcomes in the target population. The most frequent age group affected is 46-60. The most frequent symptoms in decreasing order were abdominal pain [75%], vomiting [72.5%], and weight loss [52.5%]. The most sensitive diagnostic procedure was barium study [84.6%]. Lymph nodes were the most common site of metastases 15 [37.5%]. The duration of follow up was from 2-60-months. The site: duodenum has the highest case fatality rate [62.5%] with an RR=9.9 which was statistically significant [p=0.006] as compared to the jejunum [25%] that has an RR=3.9 [p=0.16 NS]], then the ileum [6.3%]. Overall, the prognosis for patients with small intestinal tumors is poor. The duodenum as a site of the small bowel tumors was the only significant risk factor with regard to case fatality rate. Despite current advanced diagnostic modalities, the small intestine remains a difficult area to image with both radiographs and the endoscope

Comparación de morbilidad entre cierre de colostomía en asa y restablecimiento de tránsito post operación de Hartmann / Morbidity comparison between loop closed colostomy and transit reconstruction post Hartmann's surgery

El cierre de la colestomía en asa (CCA) es una técnica sencilla en comparación con el restablecimiento de tránsito post operación de Hartmann (RT); en la literatura se le asigna una considerable morbilidad e incluso mortalidad, probablemente porque con frecuencia se presentan a ambos procedimientos en conjunto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar 2 series contemporáneas de CCA y RT, realizadas por los mismos cirujanos entre enero de 1978 y diciembre de 1997, para demostrar diferencias significativas con respecto a la morbimortalidad, a favor del cierre de la colostomía en asa. Se compararon 75 casos de CCA con 63 de RT, similares en cuanto a edad, sexo, estado nutricional, enfermedades concomitantes y lapso entre la confección y el cierre de la colostomía. Las principales indicaciones de la colostomía. Las principales indicaciones de la colostomía en asa fueron el trauma colorrectal y la obstrucción del colon distal por cáncer (25,3 por ciento c/u), mientras que para la operación de Hartmann, fueron la diverticulitis complicada (25 por ciento) y el vólvulo del sigmoides (20 por ciento). Se observó una significativa menor morbilidad global en el CCA (8 por ciento) que en el RT (38,1 por ciento). Del mismo modo hubo menos infección de herida operatoria en el CCA (4 por ciento) que en el RT (19,1 por ciento) (p<0,01). Aunque no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas, la incidencia de reoperación también fue menor en el CCA que en el RT (1,3 por ciento v/s 4,8 por ciento). Asimismo, hubo menor mortalidad en el CCA (0 por ciento) que en el RT (3,2 por ciento), lo que clínicamente es importante

Operación de Hartmann: experiencia institucional de 92 casos consecutivos / Hartmann's procedure: institutional experience of 92 consecutive cases

Antecedentes: desde su descripción en 1923, el procedimiento de Hartmann es ampliamente utilizado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de complicaciones agudas del colon izquierdo, cuando no es posible realizar lavado mecánico preoperatorio y/o cuando Objetivo: analizar los resultados de la operación de Hartmann en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes consecutivos en una misma institución, durante un intervalo de 30 meses.existe alta posibilidad de dehiscencia anastomótica.Tipo de estudio: prospectivo, no al azar y longitudinal.Material y métodos: pacientes tratados mediante procedimiento de Hartmann entre marzo de 1995 y septiembre de 1998. Se realizó análisis de indicación del procedimiento, hallazgos transoperatorios, morbilidad y mortalidad, así como la frecuencia de reversión con reinstalación de la continuidad intestinal y su morbimortalidad.Resultados: se sometieron al procedimiento de Hartmann 92 pacientes. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 60 + 25 años (margen de 21 a 88 años) y 60 por ciento superaba los 65 años de edad. El procedimiento fue de urgencia en 91 por ciento de los casos. Los pacientes presentaban en su mayoría sepsis intraabdominal (56 por ciento) y patología colónica benigna (83 por ciento). Se detectó morbilidad de 34 por ciento y mortalidad de 19 por ciento. Durante el seguimiento se restauró la continuidad intestinal en 32 por ciento de los casos sin ocurrir fatalidades.Conclusiones: el procedimiento de Hartmann es buena opción para el tratamiento quirúrgico no electivo de patología rectosigmoidea complicada. La morbilidad y la mortalidad de la operación depende en gran medida del grado de sepsis preoperatoria y de la condición preexiste del paciente. La baja tasa de restauración en la continuidad intestinal probablemente se debe a un corto tiempo de seguimiento

Leiomiosarcoma de intestino delgado: relato de um caso / Leiomysarcoma on the small intestine: a case report

Este trabalho relata nossa experiência em um caso de leiomiosarcoma de intestino delgado, uma neoplasia rara, no Hospital da Baleia, em Belo Horizonte, MG. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste em: a) analisar sua evolução natural; b) definir a opção terapêutica adequa- da; e c) observar os fatores prognósticos.

This paper repons our experience in one case of leimyosarcoma of the small intesrine, arare neoplasia. The objecrives the arri- ele are: a) to observe its natural evolurion; b) to define therapeu- tic options; and c) to observe prognostic factors.